Python 魔術方法列表

Building Class ｜構造類別

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__new__(cls, [...)	cls([...)	構造
__init__(self, [...)	self	初始化
__del__(self)	del self	刪除
__call__(self, [...)	self([...)	調用自身

Attribute ｜屬性

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__getattr__(self, key)	self.key	獲取屬性
__setattr__(self, key, value)	self.key = value	設定屬性
__delattr__(self, key)	del self.key	刪除屬性

Boolean Operation ｜布林值

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__cmp__(self, other)
__eq__(self, other)	self == other	等於
__ne__(self, other)	self != other	不等於
__lt__(self, other)	self < other	小於
__le__(self, other)	self <= other	小於等於（不大於）
__gt__(self, other)	self > other	大於
__ge__(self, other)	self >= other	大於等於（不小於）

Math Operation ｜數學運算符

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__add__(self, other)	self + other	加
__sub__(self, other)	self - other	減
__mul__(self, other)	self * other	乘
__truediv__(self, other)	self / other	除
__floordiv__(self, other)	self // other	整除
__mod__(self, other)	self % other	求餘
__divmod__(self, other)	divmod(self, other)
__pow__(self, other)	power(self, other) & self ** other	次方
__lshift__(self, other)	self << other	左移（位元運算）
__rshift__(self, other)	self >> other	右移（位元運算）
__and__(self, other)	self & other	與（位元運算）
__or__(self, other)	self | other	或（位元運算）
__xor__(self, other)	self ^ other	異或（位元運算）

Right Math Operation ｜被動數學運算符

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__radd__(self, other)	other + self	被加
__rsub__(self, other)	other - self	被減
__rmul__(self, other)	other * self	被乘
__rtruediv__(self, other)	other / self	被除
__rfloordiv__(self, other)	other // self	被整除
__rmod__(self, other)	other % self	被求餘
__rpow__(self, other)	other ** self	被次方
__rlshift__(self, other)	other << self	被左移
__rrshift__(self, other)	other >> self	被右移
__rand__(self, other)	other & self	被與
__ror__(self, other)	other | self	被或
__rxor__(self, other)	other ^ self	被異或

Assign Value Operation ｜賦值數學運算符

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__iadd__(self, other)	self += other	自加
__isub__(self, other)	self -= other	自減
__imul__(self, other)	self *= other	自乘
__itruediv__(self, other)	self /= other	自除
__ifloordiv__(self, other)	self //= other	自整除
__imod__(self, other)	self %= other	自求餘
__ipow__(self, other)	self **= other	自次方
__ilshift__(self, other)	self <<= other	自左移（位元運算）
__irshift__(self, other)	self >>= other	自右移（位元運算）
__iand__(self, other)	self &= other	自與（位元運算）
__ior__(self, other)	self |= other	自或（位元運算）
__ixor__(self, other)	self ^= other	自異或（位元運算）

Unary Operation ｜一元運算符

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__pos__(self)	+self	正
__neg__(self)	-self	負
__abs__(self)	abs(self)	絕對值
__invert__(self)	~self	逆（位元運算）

Type Conversion ｜類型轉換

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__complex__(self)	complex(self)	複數
__int__(self)	int(self)	整數
__float__(self)	float(self)	浮點數
__round__(self, n])	round(self, n])	四捨五入
__index__(self)	1. 2. 3.	索引
__repr__(self)	repr(self)
__bool__(self)	bool(self)	布林值
__str__(self)	str(self)	字串
__format__(self)	f"{}"

Context Manager ｜上下文管理器

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__enter__(self)	1. 2.	進入上下文管理器
__exit__(self, exctype, excvalue, trackback)	1. 2.	退出上下文管理器

Container ｜容器

Method Name	Symbol	Description
__len__(self)	len(self)	容器長度
__getitem__(self, key)	self[key]	調用容器值
__setitem__(self, key, value)	self[key] = value	設定容器值
__delitem__(self, key)	del self[key]	刪除容器值
__iter__(self)	iter(self)	迭代容器
__reversed__(self)	reversed(self)	反轉容器
__contains__(self, item)	item in self & item not in self	在 / 不在容器裡