Python 魔術方法列表
原創2025年4月18日大约 2 分鐘
Building Class ｜構造類別
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__new__(cls, [...) | cls([...) | 構造 |
__init__(self, [...) | self | 初始化 |
__del__(self) | del self | 刪除 |
__call__(self, [...) | self([...) | 調用自身 |
Attribute ｜屬性
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__getattr__(self, key) | self.key | 獲取屬性 |
__setattr__(self, key, value) | self.key = value | 設定屬性 |
__delattr__(self, key) | del self.key | 刪除屬性 |
Boolean Operation ｜布林值
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__cmp__(self, other) | | |
__eq__(self, other) | self == other | 等於 |
__ne__(self, other) | self != other | 不等於 |
__lt__(self, other) | self < other | 小於 |
__le__(self, other) | self <= other | 小於等於（不大於） |
__gt__(self, other) | self > other | 大於 |
__ge__(self, other) | self >= other | 大於等於（不小於） |
Math Operation ｜數學運算符
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__add__(self, other) | self + other | 加 |
__sub__(self, other) | self - other | 減 |
__mul__(self, other) | self * other | 乘 |
__truediv__(self, other) | self / other | 除 |
__floordiv__(self, other) | self // other | 整除 |
__mod__(self, other) | self % other | 求餘 |
__divmod__(self, other) | divmod(self, other) | |
__pow__(self, other) | power(self, other) & self ** other | 次方 |
__lshift__(self, other) | self << other | 左移（位元運算） |
__rshift__(self, other) | self >> other | 右移（位元運算） |
__and__(self, other) | self & other | 與（位元運算） |
__or__(self, other) | self | other | 或（位元運算） |
__xor__(self, other) | self ^ other | 異或（位元運算） |
Right Math Operation ｜被動數學運算符
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__radd__(self, other) | other + self | 被加 |
__rsub__(self, other) | other - self | 被減 |
__rmul__(self, other) | other * self | 被乘 |
__rtruediv__(self, other) | other / self | 被除 |
__rfloordiv__(self, other) | other // self | 被整除 |
__rmod__(self, other) | other % self | 被求餘 |
__rpow__(self, other) | other ** self | 被次方 |
__rlshift__(self, other) | other << self | 被左移 |
__rrshift__(self, other) | other >> self | 被右移 |
__rand__(self, other) | other & self | 被與 |
__ror__(self, other) | other | self | 被或 |
__rxor__(self, other) | other ^ self | 被異或 |
Assign Value Operation ｜賦值數學運算符
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__iadd__(self, other) | self += other | 自加 |
__isub__(self, other) | self -= other | 自減 |
__imul__(self, other) | self *= other | 自乘 |
__itruediv__(self, other) | self /= other | 自除 |
__ifloordiv__(self, other) | self //= other | 自整除 |
__imod__(self, other) | self %= other | 自求餘 |
__ipow__(self, other) | self **= other | 自次方 |
__ilshift__(self, other) | self <<= other | 自左移（位元運算） |
__irshift__(self, other) | self >>= other | 自右移（位元運算） |
__iand__(self, other) | self &= other | 自與（位元運算） |
__ior__(self, other) | self |= other | 自或（位元運算） |
__ixor__(self, other) | self ^= other | 自異或（位元運算） |
Unary Operation ｜一元運算符
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__pos__(self) | +self | 正 |
__neg__(self) | -self | 負 |
__abs__(self) | abs(self) | 絕對值 |
__invert__(self) | ~self | 逆（位元運算） |
Type Conversion ｜類型轉換
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__complex__(self) | complex(self) | 複數 |
__int__(self) | int(self) | 整數 |
__float__(self) | float(self) | 浮點數 |
__round__(self, n]) | round(self, n]) | 四捨五入 |
__index__(self) | 1. 2. 3. | 索引 |
__repr__(self) | repr(self) | |
__bool__(self) | bool(self) | 布林值 |
__str__(self) | str(self) | 字串 |
__format__(self) | f"{}" |
Context Manager ｜上下文管理器
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__enter__(self) | 1. 2. | 進入上下文管理器 |
__exit__(self, exctype, excvalue, trackback) | 1. 2. | 退出上下文管理器 |
Container ｜容器
| Method Name | Symbol | Description |
|---|---|---|
__len__(self) | len(self) | 容器長度 |
__getitem__(self, key) | self[key] | 調用容器值 |
__setitem__(self, key, value) | self[key] = value | 設定容器值 |
__delitem__(self, key) | del self[key] | 刪除容器值 |
__iter__(self) | iter(self) | 迭代容器 |
__reversed__(self) | reversed(self) | 反轉容器 |
__contains__(self, item) | item in self & item not in self | 在 / 不在容器裡 |